Habitat

Rufous Hornbills live in primary and secondary lowland rainforests, typically below 1,000 meters in elevation. They prefer dense, mature forests, although they can sometimes be found in degraded or secondary forests where large trees are still present.

Size

• Length: 60 to 65 cm (24 to 26 inches)
• Weight: Approximately 1.5 to 2 kg (3.3 to 4.4 lbs)
• Wingspan: Around 90 to 100 cm (35 to 39 inches)

Rufous Hornbills are one of the larger hornbill species found in the Philippines, with their impressive bill and casque contributing significantly to their overall size and distinctive appearance.

Offspring

Rufous Hornbills have a unique breeding behavior. They are monogamous, forming long-term pair bonds. The breeding season typically occurs from March to June.

• Nesting: The female lays her eggs in a natural cavity in a large tree. Once inside, the female seals herself in the nest using a mixture of mud, fruit pulp, and feces, leaving only a small slit through which the male can pass food. The female remains sealed in the nest for the duration of incubation and the early chick-rearing period, which lasts about 4 to 5 months.
• Chicks: After hatching, the chicks are entirely dependent on their parents. The male provides food for both the female and the chicks until the chicks are ready to fledge. Once the chicks are old enough, the female breaks out of the nest, and the family may continue to stay together for some time.

Behavior

Rufous Hornbills are highly social and are usually seen in pairs or small family groups. They are known for their loud calls, which can be heard echoing through the forest. These calls are often described as a series of deep, resonant “tok-tok-tok” sounds, which help pairs communicate and maintain territory.

Diet

These hornbills are omnivorous, feeding on a variety of fruits, insects, small reptiles, and small mammals. They play a crucial role in seed dispersal due to their frugivorous diet, which contributes to the health and regeneration of their forest habitats.